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the branch of knowledge that deals with the state and system of government; the scientific analysis of political activity and behaviour is the political science. Political science is methodologically diverse and appropriates many methods originating in social research. Approaches include positivisminterpretivismrational choice theorybehaviouralismstructuralismpost-structuralismrealisminstitutionalism, and pluralism. Political science, as one of the social sciences, uses methods and techniques that relate to the kinds of inquiries sought: primary sources such as historical documents and official records, secondary sources such as scholarly journal articles, survey research, statistical analysiscase studies, experimental research, and model building.

 

In every human life health and fitness is a very important thing. It is like one of the parts of a human life. A human must follow the rules of it regularly. It is also a good way to find happiness in life. There are many ways to gain health and fitness.
Firstly, by taking those foods which contain vitamins, nutrition, minerals. Secondly, by getting sound sleep of minimum eight hours. Lastly, through taking exercise like jogging or playing many kinds of sports. A human body which is unhealthy and unfit can be attacked by many diseases. And it is also very dangerous. Now a days it has become an increasing priority for people all over the world. As medical science continues to point to the indisputable benefits of regular exercise and managing a healthy diet, many people have begun instituting daily routines designed to make them feel healthier and help themselves to live longer. Today's world is the most competitive and toughest one; each and every individual hardly finds enough time to keep themselves fit by way of physical exercise or by using sophisticated modern health equipments that may be supportive to keep their body healthier.
Today's extensive hard work from dawn to dusk that may cause severe mental stress, weakness, sickness and various organic problems that may also lead de-generative disease like Coronary Heart Disease, Diabetes, Cervical Spondiolitise, Insomnia and or so many other fatal diseases. There are so many modern handy equipments in the space using extensively by the people to keep fit themselves, but ultimately, such equipments found miserable in the long run. People get tired of by using all such unorthodox and miserable products. There are many health and fitness products which are useful to stay healthy and fit. They are- dumbbells, weight plates, EZ curl bar, tricep bar, hyper extension bench, preacher bench, the arm blaster, chin up bar, benches etc. Dumbbell exercises are performed with dumbbell in each hand. Weight plates range from 2.5 lbs to 100 lbs.
They are usually iron. The EZ curl bar is designed for working the bicep and tricep. The hyper extension bench is used for working in lower back, hamstring, and glute muscels. The preacher bench is designed for working the biceps. The arm blaster works similar to preacher bench by eliminating body momentum and allows you to isolate the biceps. The chin up bar is a iron bar that is either bolted to the wall or part of a exercise machine. Chin ups are great for working the back, biceps and forearms. The most common equipment in any gym is the bench. There are three types of benches flat, incline and decline. Some benches are adjustable. They can be adjusted either flat, incline or decline. Some benches have racks on one end for holding a barbell. While other benches do not have any racks.

Healthy cooking techniques: Boost flavor and cut calories..



Healthy cooking doesn't mean that you have to become a gourmet chef or invest in expensive cookware. You can use basic cooking techniques to prepare food in healthy ways.
By using healthy-cooking techniques, you can cut fat and calories. Consider, for instance, that each tablespoon (about 15 milliliters) of oil you use when frying adds more than 100 calories. To put it in perspective — adults should limit fat calories to no more than 20 to 35 percent of total daily calories. For a 2,000-calorie diet, that means no more than 400 to 700 calories from fat a day. By switching to roasting, you not only eliminate added fat but also allow any fat in the food to drip away.
The healthy cooking methods described here best capture the flavor and retain the nutrients in foods without adding excessive amounts of fat or salt. Use them often to prepare your favorite dishes. Click the tabs to the left for a description of these healthy cooking methods.

Baking

Besides breads and desserts, you can bake seafood, poultry, lean meat, vegetables and fruits. For baking, place food in a pan or dish surrounded by the hot, dry air of your oven. You may cook the food covered or uncovered. Baking generally doesn't require that you add fat to the food.

Braising

Braising involves browning (searing) the ingredient first in a pan on top of the stove, and then slowly cooking it partially covered with a small quantity of liquid, such as water or broth. In some recipes, the cooking liquid is used afterward to form a flavorful, nutrient-rich sauce.

Broiling and grilling

Both broiling and grilling expose food to direct heat. To grill outdoors, place the food on a grill rack above a bed of charcoal embers or gas-heated rocks. If you have an indoor grill, follow the manufacturer's directions. For smaller items, such as chopped vegetables, use foil or a long-handled grill basket to prevent pieces from slipping through the rack. To broil, place food on a broiler rack below a heat element. Both methods allow fat to drip away from the food.

Poaching

To poach foods, gently simmer ingredients in water or a flavorful liquid, such as broth, vinegar or wine, until they're cooked through and tender. The food retains its shape during cooking. For stove-top poaching, choose a covered pan that best fits the size and shape of the food so that you need a minimal amount of liquid.

Roasting

Like baking, but typically at higher temperatures, roasting uses an oven's dry heat to cook the food. You can roast foods on a baking sheet or in a roasting pan. For poultry, seafood and meat, place a rack inside the roasting pan so that the fat in the food can drip away during cooking. To maintain moisture, cook foods until they reach a safe internal temperature but don't overcook them.

Sauteing

Sauteing quickly cooks relatively small or thin pieces of food. If you choose a good-quality nonstick pan, you can cook food without using fat. Depending on the recipe, use low-sodium broth, cooking spray or water in place of oil.

Steaming

One of the simplest cooking techniques is steaming food in a perforated basket suspended above simmering liquid. If you use a flavorful liquid or add seasonings to the water, you'll flavor the food as it cooks.

Stir-frying

A traditional Asian method, stir-frying quickly cooks small, uniform-sized pieces of food while they're rapidly stirred in a wok or large nonstick frying pan. You need only a small amount of oil or cooking spray for this cooking method.

Using herbs and spices

Creating meals using spices and herbs is one of the best ways to add color, taste and aroma to foods without adding salt or fat. Choose fresh herbs that look bright and aren't wilted, and add them toward the end of cooking. Add dried herbs in the earlier stages of cooking. When substituting dried herbs for fresh, use about one-half the amount.


There are a thousand definitions of beauty. And there are many degrees of each. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. There is sadness in beauty. Beauty can be ugly. It is a concept that has haunted poets, artists and academics for centuries.
Males are visual creatures. In their minds' eye, like the posters teenage boys hang on their bedroom walls, men have an inflated idea of beauty. But to see how he really finds beauty in his surroundings, look at the girl with whom he spends time and feels most comfortable. She is often the opposite of the bedroom poster, maybe a friends, sister, aunt or cousin. She is the one he enjoys being with most. To be able to laugh with someone, we must drop our guards. Beauty is to be free and to act naturally. Oddly, getting there can be difficult.
Today, messages and information are aimed at us in very new ways. It is happening faster than humans can adapt and evolve. Life is demanding more than we can give. In turn, you rely on text messages rather than physical conversation. The heart is missing in our lives and you must bring it back.
We judge the book by its cover. It's usually untrue and unwise, but we place a great weight of importance on the first impression. In truth, a first impression offers fast, mostly visual cues, to make an assumption of another. Physical appearance is the first thing we see and it becomes our Achilles heel. The first impression is always the most expensive.
It is expensive because of what we lose. The priority one sets on appearances in the physical realm is to deny oneself the quality and beauty of the spirit. If you choose to focus on the beauty within, you will receive the value of true communication with another. To ignore the essence of another is to deny your own humanity.
Beauty has always been costly. By the time you have been plucked, pinched and enhanced, you can easily spend a fortune on the latest product or the most popular nip and tuck. The pursuit of beauty can also deny nature. In the fevered race to erase a wrinkle, we try to stop time and the slow and inevitable progress of nature. It is a fight no human can win. Beauty can also be a sport or a goal. Can you be more beautiful than you already are? No. Sure, every car needs a fresh coat of paint and a few new pin stripes but the real, true beauty comes from within your chassis.
There is boldness in choice and people can easily recognize it in you. To choose beauty, determines that you have pondered the question, objectified the issues and made a choice. You have asked, "What will I project today? What will I put out into the world?" Then you choose and follow it through. Embracing victimhood is a way to lick your past wounds but it never yields any positive future-oriented gains. You lead by example. Choose beauty.
Look at a flower as you would look upon a work of art. Appreciate it. Enjoy it. Relax and just let it all in. Then look at yourself the same way. You are a perfect and unique creation of nature, just like a flower. This may be hard to do and you must persist through all of the negativity and voices in your head. Remember those voices do not speak truth. They are merely the echoes of insecurity and comic relief. Appreciation for beauty isn't forced. Beauty cannot be beaten into you. Beauty must be invited and it must flow. If you want to exhibit your true nature, all you can do is let go.
It is hard to let go. These days, with Life howling around us like a hurricane, we instinctively try to hang on for dear life. To be beautiful, to live in the flow, is a monumentally important task that requires only openness, desire and a few simple actions.
Silence is the key that unlocks the mystery. A quiet meditation. Say a prayer. Sit down and have a little chat with yourself. Open this door and you will be answered with your own beauty.
Do something that makes you happy. Let go and take the time for yourself. Something simple. Call a friend. Go to a movie. Get a massage. You do not need to spend a hundred dollars. Shop, but don't buy anything, at a flower shop. Bake a cake. Take a hike. Do something that is purposed for you. When this happens, your beauty will begin to show. Others will recognize it and be drawn to it. You have allowed your beauty to flow.

 Fashion is like a blunder that really snatches your attention with an exotic manner. Women’s are crazier towards the fashion. For them, it is like a boon. In that respect is nothing bad if someone moves along with the style. People certainly love to post the latest stuff which makes them understand about the glow and a new change.

Like a shot a day, there are many new additions to the clothes, foot holds out and many other matters. Fashion is not just for the kids, but it also gets the other ages also. Get yourself a little crazy with the latest style.
Being stylish is not a criminal offense; merely it will kill many hearts. There is one of the famous saying, that:
“It’s a new era in fashion – there are no rules. It’s all about the individual and personal style, wearing high-end, low-end, classic labels, and up-and-coming designers all together.”
Every individual carries its own style of dressing or something else. But just make sure one thing, that make your own fashion symbol. Amaze yourself with the latest fashion and material, so that it will enhance your facial expressions and personality.
Fashion is just like a bone of contention, it never stops. The one thing that we can make it possible is, we can take the air along with it. Alteration is the law of nature, then why we are puzzled with the old things.
It’s only fashion that causes these modifications possible, really.Before you are proceeding to cause a change in your looks, you merely need to walk with the latest 
fashion.

Every single soul in the Universe is holding his or her life style. If a mortal is really committed towards his objective or goal, he surely makes his lifestyle in the gross manner. The most important affair that one should keep in mind is how to pose with our wordings or commitments!

 Lifestyle does not occur from your birth, but it arises from your own heart. Life gives you hundreds of reasons to set your efforts on the opportunities that you possess in good order now. It’s up to you that how you are capable to have that one or misplace.

Your lifestyle does not depend upon the way you trim up or something else, but it’s just the way how you can carry yourself in every facet. Just invest your own life style; it will place you in the complete way. Flip out you’re all the worries, stress or the stuff that makes you unhappy.
If you desire to put your own lifestyle, then you necessitate adjusting your goals first. Everyone demands to put their priorities first. There is one of the famous saying that- “Do not live in the shadow of the masters forever. Learn to live in the light of your soul. Life deserves full expression”.
Fix your life full of happiness and good things, because that will motivate you in a positive way. Life comes once and you just have one prospect to establish yourself in every aspect of the life. Get the best way to put your all the desires into your lifestyle.
Grab every single moment or opportunity that will serve you to groom it more beautifully. The very first thing that you must need to put in your lifestyle is your wellness. Nothing is important as much your health.
Fix your life full of positive vibes and purposes, so that it will get you something. Just reverse out all your desires into your lifestyle with the well-versed way.


1. What is blogging?
Blogging is the online version of a newspaper basically. You may already be reading blogs and you were unaware of the term. Many people asking this question are probably in their 50′s and older.
These individuals read articles on the homepages of MSN, Yahoo, and other sites on a pretty regular basis. Yahoo is a search engine, but the home page has a blog functionality to it.
Many writers, or bloggers, are contributing to those articles on those homepages. The internet is filled with millions and millions of blogs and bloggers. You can find a blog on pretty much any topic out there. Some bloggers blog daily, while others blog multiple times a day, and others update whenever they feel like it.
2. How does blogging work?
Blogging is based off the same principle that newspapers, magazines, and even TV shows work. Each of those are filled with content that they think people will like.
To start a blog, you’ll need a platform. There are a variety of platforms out there. Some are free, while others have a cost associated with using it. If you’re just starting out, I would recommend the following blogging platforms to you:
  • Blogger
  • WordPress.com
if you want to take your blog more seriously and be in it for the long haul, then there’s some better options available to you. First, let me educate you on the process of making your own blog.
Most bloggers who take this route use the platform, WordPress.org. (Not to be confused with the free WordPress.com) They need to purchase a domain name and host that domain. A popular domain registrar is GoDaddy.com. 
A domain name is the web address you type to visit the website. For example: Facebook.com and Twitter.com are both domains. Hosting is like electricity and this is what keeps the site up and live on the Internet.
(Note: both domains and hosting expire. If they expire and you don’t renew, then you lose your website.)

Marsha Collier's Social Media Commerce Toolkit


For each arm of your social media commerce strategy, you use a different marketing tool. Here's a shortlist of platforms to build your online conversation, which should ultimately lead to new customers through your engagement. Check them out and see which best fits your social persona. Soon you'll have a clear social media plan for your company.

Basic content outreach

  • Facebook: Reach all ages with the largest social network
  • Twitter:Converse on this widely adopted messaging service via 140-character tweets
  • LinkedIn: Connect with like-minded professionals on this top business social networking site.
  • Google+: Reach newer adopters and techies on Google's social network

Free blogging platforms

  • Blogger: Google-owned blogging suite with free hosting and theme personalization
  • Posterous: Twitter-owned free blogging platform with themes
  • Wordpress: Free blog hosting managed by the developers of WordPress software

Linking

  • Bitly: Shorten URLs for posts; offers analytics and supports customization
  • Visibli: Attach a social engagement bar to all your shared links, with analytics
  • Pinterest: Share images on your own virtual pinboard on this popular scrapbook site

Images and videos

  • Flickr: Find royalty-free images to use on your blog; store and share your own
  • YouTube: Post videos for linking on your blog, Facebook page, and other social platforms

Podcasting

  • blogtalkradio: Podcast live and record using your telephone line
  • Spreaker: Create live or prerecorded podcasts with a microphone from an online or a mobile console
  • wsRadio: Conduct professional, radio-station-style podcasts

F-commerce

  • Fanpage Toolkit: Build your Facebook marketing with their five core application modules (Page Builder, Promotions, F-commerce, Messaging, and Analytics)
  • eBay Items: Port eBay listings to a Facebook business page; when item is clicked from Facebook Store App, customer is directed to the eBay listing
  • Ecwid: Install a full-featured shopping cart on your website or Facebook page with this app

Reviews

  • Yelp: Stay on top of customer reviews and offer discounts on your page
  • Angie's List: Claim your listing on this important review site for any service or Main Street business
  • Foursquare: Promote customer mobile check-ins with loyalty bonuses








Coaching and mentoring use the same skills and approach but coaching is short term task-based and mentoring is a longer term relationship. 


Why coaching and mentoring? You will recognise that to survive and prosper in these tough times, your organisation has to be performing at the highest level of effectiveness.
This means leadership skills, decision-making, staff relations, creativity, stress and time management, meeting control or sensitive issue handling, has to be of the very highest order.
Executive coaching and mentoring can help you in all those vital areas and more, because it's all about the future ...

... discovering your hidden potential and achieving it – fast!
Brefi Group has enjoyed enormous success doing exactly this for leading organisations around the world for over two decades.
  • It consists of one-to-one developmental discussions.
  • It provides people with feedback on both their strengths and weaknesses.
  • It is aimed at specific issues/areas.
  • It is a relatively short-term activity, except in executive coaching, which tends to have a longer timeframe.
  • It is essentially a non-directive form of development.
  • It focuses on improving performance and developing/enhancing individuals skills.
  • It is used to address a wide range of issues.
  • Coaching activities have both organisational and individual goals.
  • It assumes that the individual is psychologically healthy and does not require a clinical intervention.
  • It works on the premise that clients are self-aware, or can achieve self-awareness.
  • It is time-bounded.
  • It is a skilled activity
  • Personal issues may be discussed but the emphasis is on performance on work.
  • This is how the International Coach Federation defines the basic coaching competencies:
    • Meet ethical guidelines of the profession
    • Ability to establish a coaching agreement
    • Ability to establish an intimate and trusting relationship with the client
    • Ability to be fully present, conscious and spontaneous
    • Ability to express active listening
    • Ability to ask powerful questions
    • Ability to be a direct communicator
    • Ability to create and raise the client's awareness
    • Ability to design and create action plans and action behaviours
    • Ability to develop plans and establish goals with the client
    • Ability to manage the client's progress and hold him/her responsible for action
    The core of coaching is building rapport, asking powerful questions and setting goals.

    What is Executive Coaching?

    Brefi Group provides corporate coaching, which is executive coaching undertaken within the context of an organisation's vision, mission, values – and strategy. By working within an organisation as well as with individuals, corporate coaching extracts the synergy that is greater than the sum of the parts.
    The International Coach Federation has researched the qualities needed by an executive coach, such as:
    • A firm grounding in business knowledge and competencies
    • Thorough understanding of the world of the executive leader
    • A broad understanding of leadership and leadership development
    • Knowledge of systems dynamics (organisation and community)
    • Knowledge of the framework of adult development
    • High standards of personal and professional ethics
    • Highly developed communication proficiency allowing us to operate in the executive's environment
    • Advanced coaching skills and capabilities
    • Stature and reputation that gains respect
    • A commitment to lifelong learning similar to the leader him/herself

    Coaching and mentoring processes

    Individual and management development can take place in many forms, some delivered by managers and some by internal or external coaches, or mentors. Robert Dilts defines the different activities as follows: -
    Guiding: the process of directing an individual or a group along the path leading from present state to a desired state
    Coaching: helping another person to improve awareness, to set and achieve goals in order to improve a particular behavioural performance
    Teaching: helping an individual or group develop cognitive skills and capabilities
    Mentoring: helping to shape an individual’s beliefs and values in a positive way; often a longer term career relationship from someone who has ‘done it before’
    Counselling: helping an individual to improve performance by resolving situations from the past.


    Differences between mentoring and coaching & Counselling

    The CIPD differentiates between coaching, mentoring and counselling. It is helpful to understand these differences as, although many of the processes are similar, they are generally delivered by individuals with different qualifications and different relationships with their client..
    Counselling, is a highly skilled intervention focused on helping individuals address underlying psychological problems. 


    Business, management and marketing studies

    Study of organisations - finance, accounting, marketing, human resource management, and administrative functions.
    The skills you gain on a business course will mean you are well placed to get a job in the City. 


    What will I learn?
    Degrees in business and management are among the most popular among students. Fortunately, universities have sought to match demand with plenty of courses.
    These degrees focus on how organisations operate - what they do, their styles of management and their business strategies. Marketing degrees look more closely at understanding consumer behaviour – from understanding the psychology of advertising, to developing a grasp of how the economic climate impacts particular sectors.
    There is a diverse range of courses, each with a different emphasis or specialism. For example, some courses will lean more towards commerce or retail, while others will focus on tourism or international business. The common threads of any business degree, however, tend to be looking at finance, marketing and human resource management.
    Some business courses will have a more defined vocational element to them, so you'll be working in a team to create a company and market a product before you've finished looking at your reading list. Other courses will make work placements a compulsory part of the degree. Most universities will boast of having good links with business, which means visiting lecturers and the chance to build contacts.
    Big business is no longer just about making money and ruthless takeovers, however. Companies are trying to improve their ethical and environmental standing, so expect to see relevant course modules popping up in the prospectus.
    What skills will I gain?
    As well as an understanding of how things work in business and management, by the time you graduate you should be able to demonstrate an understanding of markets, finance, managing people, operations, information systems, policy and strategy.
    You probably won't be afraid of standing up in front of the class to present your ideas or argue your point around the negotiating table.
    With group work a key part of many courses, you will have built up your teamwork and leadership skills, and be able to demonstrate your ability to consider all things related to establishing your own business and marketing a product.
    You should also have an understanding of the ethical implications of business operations. If your work focuses on retail, you should be able to debate issues surrounding fair trade, for example.
    A key part of managing others is the ability to relate to them and understand their needs, all skills you should be developing during your degree.
    What job can I get?
    A popular subject among students will inevitably mean tougher competition for jobs. And because it's not as specialist a field as architecture or medicine, say, you may find yourself up against graduates with history or economics degrees who decide in their final year that they want a career in business.
    That said, the nature of your business courses and the practical experience that you've gained will mean you are well placed to get a job in the City or in one of the top companies that recruit graduates for their annual programmes. These graduate schemes should give you a good general grounding in business and the chance to focus on a particular area, such as human resources, or finance or marketing.
    What will look good on the CV?
    · Evidence of effective problem-solving and decision-making.
    · Self-awareness and sensitivity in relation to business and management issues.
    · The ability to address issues at international level.



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